Minoxidil
Minoxidil is a potent arteriolar dilator with little effect on venous tone. Oral minoxidil is only indicated in severe and resistant primary hypertension and must be given in combination with other antihypertensive drugs
It causes reflex tachycardia, increased cardiac output and substantial fluid retention, and requires coadministration with a loop diuretic and a beta blocker. It causes hypertrichosis in all patients and there have been rare reports of pericardial effusion.
When used as a local application to the scalp, minoxidil acts as a nonspecific hair growth stimulant, probably by prolonging the anagen phase. This persists only while treatment is continued.
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