| Local anaesthetic solutions: concentrations used for various types of anaesthesia (Table 1.8) |
| Use | Lignocaine (%) | Prilocaine (%) | Bupivacaine/levobupivacaine (%) | Ropivacaine (%) | Procaine (%) |
| topical | 4 to 10 (2.5 in combination with prilocaine 2.5%) | 2.5 (in combination with lignocaine 2.5%) | – | – | – |
| infiltration | 0.5 to 1 | 0.5 to 2 | 0.25 to 0.5 | 0.2 to 0.75 | 0.25 to 0.5 |
| regional nerve block | 1 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 2 | 0.25 to 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.5 to 2 |
| IV regional (Bier block) | 0.25 to 0.5 | 0.25 to 0.5 | contraindicated | contraindicated | – |
| epidural block (surgical) | 1 to 2 | 2 | 0.25 to 0.5 (bupivacaine) 0.5 to 0.75 (levobupivacaine) | 0.75 to 1 | – |
| epidural infusion or block for analgesia | 1 | 1 | 0.1 to 0.25 | 0.2 | – |
| intrathecal | 2 | – | 0.5 | 0.5 | – |
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