Usual daily oral dose range, dose equivalents and pharmacokinetic properties of anxiolytics and hypnotics (Table 8.5)

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Usual daily oral dose range, dose equivalents and pharmacokinetic properties of anxiolytics and hypnotics (Table 8.5)
Drug
Usual daily dose range (mg)
Approximate equivalent dose [NB1] (mg) to diazepam 5 mg
Elimination half-lives of drug and active metabolites [NB2] (hours)
Benzodiazepines
alprazolam
0.5 to 4
0.5
9 to 20

bromazepam
6 to 9
3
8 to 30
clobazam
20 to 30
10
18, 40
clonazepam
2 to 8
0.25
19 to 60
diazepam
5 to 30
5
14 to 70, 30 to 200

flunitrazepam
0.5 to 2
1
23, 25, 31
lorazepam
2 to 4
1 [NB3]
8 to 24

nitrazepam
5 to 10
2.5
15 to 48

oxazepam
45 to 90
15
3 to 25
temazepam
5 to 20
10
3 to 25

triazolam
0.125 to 0.5
0.25
1.5 to 5

Others
buspirone
15 to 30
–
1 to 11

zolpidem
5 to 10
–
1.5 to 4.5

zopiclone
3.75 to 7.5
–
3.8 to 6.5
NB1: the widely varying half-lives and receptor binding characteristics of these drugs make exact dose equivalents difficult to establish
NB2: where clinically significant
NB3: lorazepam may be relatively more potent at higher doses

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