Pharmacology Of Aminophylline

Indication	For the treatment of bronchospasm due to asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Pharmacodynamics	Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. Theophylline stimulates the CNS, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscle. It relaxes certain smooth muscles in the bronchi through PDE3 inhibition, produces diuresis, and causes an increase in gastric secretion.
Mechanism of action	Theophylline is structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. The precise mechanism of action of theophylline is not known, however, it is thought to be a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which may give a bronchodilatory effect. It also binds adenosine receptors.
Absorption	Not Available
Volume of distribution	0.3 to 0.7 L/kg
Protein binding	60%
Metabolism	Not Available
Route of elimination	Not Available
Half life	7-9 hours
Clearance	0.29 mL/kg/min [postnatal age 3-15 days] 0.64 mL/kg/min [postnatal age 25-57 days] 1.7 mL/kg/min [ 1-4 years] 1.6 mL/kg/min [4-12 years] 0.9 mL/kg/min [13-15 years] 1.4 mL/kg/min [16-17 years] 0.65 mL/kg/min [Adults (16-60 years), non-smoking asthmatics] 0.41 mL/kg/min [Elderly (>60 years). liver, and renal function] 0.33 mL/kg/min [Acute pulmonary edema] 0.54 mL/kg/min [COPD→60 years, stable non-smoker >1 year] 0.48 mL/kg/min [COPD with cor pulmonale] 1.25 mL/kg/min [Cystic fibrosis (14-28 years)] 0.31 mL/kg/min [Liver disease -cholestasis] 0.35 mL/kg/min [cirrhosis] 0.65 mL/kg/min [acute hepatitis] 0.47 mL/kg/min [Sepsis with multi-organ failure] 0.38 mL/kg/min [hypothyroid] 0.8 mL/kg/min [hyperthyroid]
Toxicity	Not Available