Indication |
Mainly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin. It can also
be used to treat moderately severe bacterial infections involving the
lung, bone, joint, stomach, blood, heart valve, and urinary tract. It is
clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and
streptococci species of Gram positive bacteria. May be used for surgical
prophylaxis; if required metronidazole may be added to cover B.
fragilis. |
Pharmacodynamics |
Cefazolin (also known as cefazoline or cephazolin) is a
semi-synthetic first generation cephalosporin for parenteral
administration. Cefazolin has broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to
inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum
levels and is excreted quickly via the urine. |
Mechanism of action |
In vitro tests demonstrate that the bactericidal action of
cephalosporins results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. By
binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside
the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of
bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial
cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. |
Absorption |
Not absorbed from GI tract. Must be administered parenterally.
Peak serum concentrations attained 1-2 hours post intramuscular
injection. |
Volume of distribution |
Not Available |
Protein binding |
74-86% |
Metabolism |
Not metabolized. |
Route of elimination |
Cefazolin is present in very low concentrations in the milk of
nursing mothers. Cefazolin is excreted unchanged in the urine. In the
first six hours approximately 60% of the drug is excreted in the urine
and this increases to 70%-80% within 24 hours. |
Half life |
The serum half-life is approximately 1.8 hours following IV
administration and approximately 2.0 hours following IM administration. |
Clearance |
Not Available |
Toxicity |
Not Available |
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